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Delaware Department of
Agriculture

Aglands Preservation Program



The Department of Agriculture manages Delaware’s Agricultural Lands (Aglands) Preservation Program. Established in 1991, this program allows landowners to voluntarily preserve their farms through a two-phase process. The first phase, which does not include any payment to the landowner, is known as an Agricultural Preservation District. In phase two, the landowner is paid to sell their farm’s development rights, known as an Agricultural Conservation Easement.

 

Agricultural Preservation Districts


A Preservation District is a ten-year, voluntary agreement where landowners agree to continue to use their land for agricultural purposes only. Landowners with forested tracts can also enroll their properties as a Forestland Preservation Area through the Forestland Preservation Program.

Agricultural Preservation District Application
Forestland Preservation Area Application

Prospective property buyers who wish to participate in the Aglands Preservation Program may enroll the property they wish to purchase in a Preservation District through a Contingent Sale Application (if the seller also agrees). The primary benefit of this application is that both buyer and seller are exempt from realty transfer tax on all unimproved land as long as the application is approved before settlement. If the settlement does not occur, the enrollment status becomes void.

Agricultural Contingent Sale Application
Forestland Contingent Sale Application

To qualify as an Ag District, the land must meet the farm income requirement for the state’s Farmland Assessment Act, satisfy a scoring system standard, and undergo a review and approval process. Most farms in the state will qualify. There is no payment to the landowner for creating the district.

 

Agricultural Conservation Easements


In the second phase of the Aglands Preservation Program, landowners can (if they choose) permanently preserve their farmland by selling its development rights. The ten-year district agreement is then replaced by a permanent agricultural conservation easement on the land. The Aglands Program selects one round of farms to preserve each year, funding permitting. Landowners are eligible to submit a bid to sell their farm’s development rights the year after they enroll their farm into a District Agreement (for example, if they enroll their farm into an ag district in 2018, then they are eligible to sell their farm’s development rights in 2019). Landowners bid against each other by offering a discount from the appraised development rights’ value of their property.

The sale of development rights is a three-step process:

The Aglands Program, at no cost to the landowner, appraises all farms applying for the purchase of development rights to determine the development rights value of each farm. The appraisal includes the farm’s full, fair market value based on comparable sales of similar farms in the county. The appraisal also includes an “agriculture only” value based on the county’s agricultural rent values and current rates of return on investments. The difference between a farm’s fair market value and agriculture-only value is the appraised value of the development rights.

The Foundation delivers final appraisals to farmland owners. An owner can choose to have a second appraisal completed at his own expense. Once there is an agreement on the appraised value, the owner submits a confidential bid to the Foundation. The bid is an offer to sell the farm’s development rights at a discount from the full appraised development rights value. Owners in the same round compete by offering higher discounts. This approach allows the permanent preservation of more farmland than possible otherwise.

Using the Funds available, the Foundation selects farms offering the highest percentage discount from the appraised development rights value. The Foundation pays for a complete survey of each selected farm upon selection. Owners pay no taxes, fees or charges at settlement and receive a lump sum payment.

 

Farm and Tax Benefits


There are several benefits to landowners in an Agricultural District or Conservation Easement. The unimproved land in the district is exempt from real estate transfer, county, and school taxes. There are significant protections against nuisance suits for land in the district. Landowners are permitted limited residential uses. Permitted agricultural uses include but are not limited to: crop production, herd animal and poultry operations, horse operations, forest production, non-commercial hunting, trapping and fishing, and agricultural eco-tourism operations, as well as farm markets and roadside stands.

Congress has enacted laws that may benefit owners of preserved farmland. An easement sold at less than appraised value or donated to the Foundation may qualify the owner for a deduction for income, gift, or estate tax purposes. Rules governing taxes are complex; owners should consult competent tax advisors on these matters.

 


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